Spotify Dataset Analysis

Dataset statistics

Number of variables	19
Number of observations	168592
Missing cells	0
Missing cells (%)	0.0%
Duplicate rows	0
Duplicate rows (%)	0.0%
Total size in memory	30.7 MiB
Average record size in memory	191.1 B

Variable types

NUM	13
CAT	4
BOOL	2

Reproduction

Analysis started	2020-06-01 04:05:05.879186
Analysis finished	2020-06-01 04:05:45.889251
Duration	40.01 seconds
Version	pandas-profiling v2.8.0
Command line	`pandas_profiling --config_file config.yaml [YOUR_FILE.csv]`
Download configuration	config.yaml

Warnings

`artists` has a high cardinality: 33268 distinct values	High cardinality
`name` has a high cardinality: 131361 distinct values	High cardinality
`release_date` has a high cardinality: 10813 distinct values	High cardinality
`name` is uniformly distributed	Uniform
`id` has unique values	Unique
`instrumentalness` has 44077 (26.1%) zeros	Zeros
`key` has 21145 (12.5%) zeros	Zeros
`popularity` has 25628 (15.2%) zeros	Zeros

acousticness
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

Distinct count	4715
Unique (%)	2.8%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	0.5013601471548472
Minimum	0.0
Maximum	0.996
Zeros	16
Zeros (%)	< 0.1%
Memory size	1.3 MiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0.00143
Q1	0.0978
median	0.515
Q3	0.896
95-th percentile	0.992
Maximum	0.996
Range	0.996
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.7982

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.3779929264
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.7539349279
Kurtosis	-1.61903427
Mean	0.5013601472
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.398
Skewness	-0.028073633
Sum	84525.30993
Variance	0.1428786524

Histogram

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=10)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.995	3146	1.9%
0.994	2354	1.4%
0.993	1811	1.1%
0.992	1562	0.9%
0.991	1310	0.8%
0.99	1215	0.7%
0.996	1100	0.7%
0.989	1045	0.6%
0.988	950	0.6%
0.987	834	0.5%
Other values (4705)	153265	90.9%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	16	< 0.1%
1e-06	1	< 0.1%
1.01e-06	3	< 0.1%
1.03e-06	1	< 0.1%
1.05e-06	2	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.996	1100	0.7%
0.995	3146	1.9%
0.994	2354	1.4%
0.993	1811	1.1%
0.992	1562	0.9%

artists
Categorical

HIGH CARDINALITY

Distinct count	33268
Unique (%)	19.7%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	1.3 MiB

['Francisco Canaro']	956
['Ignacio Corsini']	635
['Frank Sinatra']	596
['The Rolling Stones']	525
['Bob Dylan']	525
Other values (33263)	165355

Common Values
Length

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
['Francisco Canaro']	956	0.6%
['Ignacio Corsini']	635	0.4%
['Frank Sinatra']	596	0.4%
['The Rolling Stones']	525	0.3%
['Bob Dylan']	525	0.3%
['Johnny Cash']	499	0.3%
['Elvis Presley']	492	0.3%
['The Beach Boys']	474	0.3%
['Francisco Canaro', 'Charlo']	459	0.3%
['Queen']	442	0.3%
Other values (33258)	162989	96.7%

Length

Max length	661
Median length	17
Mean length	23.46094121
Min length	5

danceability
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

Distinct count	1240
Unique (%)	0.7%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	0.5336484073977413
Minimum	0.0
Maximum	0.988
Zeros	146
Zeros (%)	0.1%
Memory size	1.3 MiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0.228
Q1	0.412
median	0.543
Q3	0.662
95-th percentile	0.812
Maximum	0.988
Range	0.988
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.25

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.1759189486
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.3296532814
Kurtosis	-0.4275884837
Mean	0.5336484074
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.124
Skewness	-0.1880462156
Sum	89968.8523
Variance	0.03094747648

Histogram

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=10)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.565	436	0.3%
0.612	407	0.2%
0.559	407	0.2%
0.578	405	0.2%
0.545	405	0.2%
0.556	397	0.2%
0.602	394	0.2%
0.567	393	0.2%
0.546	391	0.2%
0.563	391	0.2%
Other values (1230)	164566	97.6%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	146	0.1%
0.0551	1	< 0.1%
0.0559	2	< 0.1%
0.0562	1	< 0.1%
0.0569	2	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.988	1	< 0.1%
0.986	2	< 0.1%
0.985	1	< 0.1%
0.982	1	< 0.1%
0.98	3	< 0.1%

duration_ms
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

Distinct count	49513
Unique (%)	29.4%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	232701.55738113314
Minimum	5108
Maximum	5403500
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Memory size	1.3 MiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	5108
5-th percentile	116893
Q1	172160
median	209133
Q3	263707
95-th percentile	413200
Maximum	5403500
Range	5398392
Interquartile range (IQR)	91547

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	122392.1252
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.5259617794
Kurtosis	120.0543702
Mean	232701.5574
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	43826.5
Skewness	6.645153969
Sum	3.923162096e+10
Variance	1.497983231e+10

Histogram

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=10)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
192000	57	< 0.1%
180000	54	< 0.1%
186000	51	< 0.1%
240000	50	< 0.1%
184000	49	< 0.1%
169000	46	< 0.1%
160000	46	< 0.1%
170000	46	< 0.1%
168000	46	< 0.1%
200000	43	< 0.1%
Other values (49503)	168104	99.7%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
5108	1	< 0.1%
5991	1	< 0.1%
6362	1	< 0.1%
6467	1	< 0.1%
8853	2	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
5403500	1	< 0.1%
4270034	1	< 0.1%
4269407	1	< 0.1%
4164685	1	< 0.1%
4120258	2	< 0.1%

energy
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

Distinct count	2362
Unique (%)	1.4%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	0.4885770204446237
Minimum	0.0
Maximum	1.0
Zeros	7
Zeros (%)	< 0.1%
Memory size	1.3 MiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0.0742
Q1	0.265
median	0.48
Q3	0.709
95-th percentile	0.925
Maximum	1
Range	1
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.444

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.2673462485
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.5471936611
Kurtosis	-1.088554174
Mean	0.4885770204
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.222
Skewness	0.0750147121
Sum	82370.17703
Variance	0.07147401661

Histogram

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=10)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.254	236	0.1%
0.341	236	0.1%
0.306	235	0.1%
0.459	232	0.1%
0.31	230	0.1%
0.32	230	0.1%
0.304	229	0.1%
0.497	229	0.1%
0.296	227	0.1%
0.325	226	0.1%
Other values (2352)	166282	98.6%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	7	< 0.1%
1.99e-05	2	< 0.1%
2.01e-05	6	< 0.1%
2.02e-05	5	< 0.1%
2.03e-05	14	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	21	< 0.1%
0.999	29	< 0.1%
0.998	37	< 0.1%
0.997	54	< 0.1%
0.996	68	< 0.1%

explicit
Boolean

Distinct count	2
Unique (%)	< 0.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	1.3 MiB

0	156535
1	12057

Frequency Table

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	156535	92.8%
1	12057	7.2%

id
Categorical

UNIQUE

Distinct count	168592
Unique (%)	100.0%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	1.3 MiB

1ULa3GfdMKs0MfRpm6xVlu	1
1yl4vQfgRsRNIcFAmnGaqJ	1
2Wc2tcQl7cPetPKeXH3GD3	1
1FaiVQR1BUHxttxYUMAQiW	1
1KNNTdw7SzJ90p6RXq4kGE	1
Other values (168587)	168587

Common Values
Length

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1ULa3GfdMKs0MfRpm6xVlu	1	< 0.1%
1yl4vQfgRsRNIcFAmnGaqJ	1	< 0.1%
2Wc2tcQl7cPetPKeXH3GD3	1	< 0.1%
1FaiVQR1BUHxttxYUMAQiW	1	< 0.1%
1KNNTdw7SzJ90p6RXq4kGE	1	< 0.1%
7ij4pBHTk9SvyallMZOp9E	1	< 0.1%
5n7zm9p6GIDo3GkJiYGbSN	1	< 0.1%
1hpdVGEaZovrlcnY0Yqcc9	1	< 0.1%
4nhpxeFxGQtMZTK0ojcHF3	1	< 0.1%
3q4aF4bp248tWr7lAyoFHe	1	< 0.1%
Other values (168582)	168582	> 99.9%

Length

Max length	22
Median length	22
Mean length	22
Min length	22

instrumentalness
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

ZEROS

Distinct count	5402
Unique (%)	3.2%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	0.1694756187246726
Minimum	0.0
Maximum	1.0
Zeros	44077
Zeros (%)	26.1%
Memory size	1.3 MiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0
Q1	0
median	0.000264
Q3	0.111
95-th percentile	0.906
Maximum	1
Range	1
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.111

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.3153829154
Coefficient of variation (CV)	1.860933849
Kurtosis	0.8701212171
Mean	0.1694756187
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.000264
Skewness	1.609969699
Sum	28572.23351
Variance	0.09946638333

Histogram

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=10)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	44077	26.1%
0.917	201	0.1%
0.913	198	0.1%
0.916	197	0.1%
0.922	191	0.1%
0.901	188	0.1%
0.904	187	0.1%
0.894	186	0.1%
0.919	186	0.1%
0.914	186	0.1%
Other values (5392)	122795	72.8%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	44077	26.1%
1e-06	27	< 0.1%
1.01e-06	64	< 0.1%
1.02e-06	88	0.1%
1.03e-06	69	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	10	< 0.1%
0.999	16	< 0.1%
0.998	10	< 0.1%
0.997	3	< 0.1%
0.996	6	< 0.1%

key
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

ZEROS

Distinct count	12
Unique (%)	< 0.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	5.196794628452121
Minimum	0
Maximum	11
Zeros	21145
Zeros (%)	12.5%
Memory size	1.3 MiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0
Q1	2
median	5
Q3	8
95-th percentile	11
Maximum	11
Range	11
Interquartile range (IQR)	6

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	3.504587137
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.6743747613
Kurtosis	-1.269440097
Mean	5.196794628
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	3
Skewness	0.005418529507
Sum	876138
Variance	12.282131

Histogram

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=10)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	21145	12.5%
7	20559	12.2%
2	18836	11.2%
9	17602	10.4%
5	16302	9.7%
4	12957	7.7%
1	12587	7.5%
10	11989	7.1%
8	10679	6.3%
11	10208	6.1%
Other values (2)	15728	9.3%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	21145	12.5%
1	12587	7.5%
2	18836	11.2%
3	7256	4.3%
4	12957	7.7%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
11	10208	6.1%
10	11989	7.1%
9	17602	10.4%
8	10679	6.3%
7	20559	12.2%

liveness
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

Distinct count	1741
Unique (%)	1.0%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	0.20515064279443862
Minimum	0.0
Maximum	1.0
Zeros	9
Zeros (%)	< 0.1%
Memory size	1.3 MiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0.0596
Q1	0.0982
median	0.134
Q3	0.259
95-th percentile	0.614
Maximum	1
Range	1
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.1608

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.1758962449
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.8574004081
Kurtosis	5.072045161
Mean	0.2051506428
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.052
Skewness	2.17595718
Sum	34586.75717
Variance	0.03093948895

Histogram

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=10)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.111	1861	1.1%
0.11	1653	1.0%
0.109	1646	1.0%
0.108	1624	1.0%
0.107	1535	0.9%
0.106	1495	0.9%
0.105	1490	0.9%
0.112	1484	0.9%
0.104	1379	0.8%
0.103	1374	0.8%
Other values (1731)	153051	90.8%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	9	< 0.1%
0.00967	1	< 0.1%
0.0101	1	< 0.1%
0.0103	1	< 0.1%
0.0116	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	1	< 0.1%
0.999	1	< 0.1%
0.998	2	< 0.1%
0.997	6	< 0.1%
0.996	3	< 0.1%

loudness
Real number (ℝ)

Distinct count	25354
Unique (%)	15.0%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	-11.358179795008066
Minimum	-60.0
Maximum	3.855
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Memory size	1.3 MiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	-60
5-th percentile	-21.961
Q1	-14.388
median	-10.466
Q3	-7.135
95-th percentile	-4.11
Maximum	3.855
Range	63.855
Interquartile range (IQR)	7.253

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	5.670175788
Coefficient of variation (CV)	-0.4992151815
Kurtosis	2.042117824
Mean	-11.3581798
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	3.565
Skewness	-1.109694971
Sum	-1914898.248
Variance	32.15089346

Histogram

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=10)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
-6.942	28	< 0.1%
-10.107	26	< 0.1%
-7.775	26	< 0.1%
-7.436	26	< 0.1%
-11.815	26	< 0.1%
-8.789	25	< 0.1%
-8.32	25	< 0.1%
-9.184	25	< 0.1%
-7.047	25	< 0.1%
-7.744	25	< 0.1%
Other values (25344)	168335	99.8%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
-60	7	< 0.1%
-55	1	< 0.1%
-54.837	1	< 0.1%
-54.376	1	< 0.1%
-51.123	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
3.855	1	< 0.1%
3.744	1	< 0.1%
2.799	1	< 0.1%
1.963	1	< 0.1%
1.83	1	< 0.1%

mode
Boolean

Distinct count	2
Unique (%)	< 0.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	1.3 MiB

1	119607
0	48985

Frequency Table

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	119607	70.9%
0	48985	29.1%

name
Categorical

HIGH CARDINALITY
UNIFORM

Distinct count	131361
Unique (%)	77.9%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	1.3 MiB

Summertime	58
Overture	47
Home	39
You	35
Stay	33
Other values (131356)	168380

Common Values
Length

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Summertime	58	< 0.1%
Overture	47	< 0.1%
Home	39	< 0.1%
You	35	< 0.1%
Stay	33	< 0.1%
I Love You	32	< 0.1%
Runaway	32	< 0.1%
Angel	31	< 0.1%
Forever	30	< 0.1%
Time After Time	29	< 0.1%
Other values (131351)	168226	99.8%

Length

Max length	217
Median length	18
Mean length	23.52237354
Min length	1

popularity
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

ZEROS

Distinct count	100
Unique (%)	0.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	31.626862484578155
Minimum	0
Maximum	100
Zeros	25628
Zeros (%)	15.2%
Memory size	1.3 MiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0
Q1	13
median	34
Q3	48
95-th percentile	65
Maximum	100
Range	100
Interquartile range (IQR)	35

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	21.39325951
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.676426867
Kurtosis	-0.9968605208
Mean	31.62686248
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	16
Skewness	-0.0276383837
Sum	5332036
Variance	457.6715522

Histogram

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=10)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	25628	15.2%
41	3207	1.9%
44	3159	1.9%
42	3141	1.9%
43	3089	1.8%
40	3025	1.8%
45	2952	1.8%
39	2918	1.7%
38	2895	1.7%
37	2873	1.7%
Other values (90)	115705	68.6%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	25628	15.2%
1	2385	1.4%
2	1668	1.0%
3	1338	0.8%
4	1135	0.7%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
100	1	< 0.1%
98	1	< 0.1%
97	3	< 0.1%
96	2	< 0.1%
95	2	< 0.1%

release_date
Categorical

HIGH CARDINALITY

Distinct count	10813
Unique (%)	6.4%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	1.3 MiB

1940-01-01	1279
1949	1251
1945	1106
1948	1053
1930-01-01	1047
Other values (10808)	162856

Common Values
Length

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1940-01-01	1279	0.8%
1949	1251	0.7%
1945	1106	0.7%
1948	1053	0.6%
1930-01-01	1047	0.6%
1956	997	0.6%
1951	987	0.6%
1950-01-01	970	0.6%
1957	920	0.5%
1946	903	0.5%
Other values (10803)	158079	93.8%

Length

Max length	10
Median length	10
Mean length	8.230289693
Min length	4

speechiness
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

Distinct count	1614
Unique (%)	1.0%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	0.08361604702476985
Minimum	0.0
Maximum	0.968
Zeros	146
Zeros (%)	0.1%
Memory size	1.3 MiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0.0281
Q1	0.0348
median	0.0446
Q3	0.0723
95-th percentile	0.288
Maximum	0.968
Range	0.968
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.0375

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.1199168742
Coefficient of variation (CV)	1.434137088
Kurtosis	26.36340493
Mean	0.08361604702
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.0126
Skewness	4.674015274
Sum	14096.9966
Variance	0.01438005672

Histogram

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=10)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.0347	575	0.3%
0.0334	569	0.3%
0.0337	567	0.3%
0.033	566	0.3%
0.0319	565	0.3%
0.0332	561	0.3%
0.0352	559	0.3%
0.034	558	0.3%
0.0344	554	0.3%
0.0348	553	0.3%
Other values (1604)	162965	96.7%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	146	0.1%
0.0222	1	< 0.1%
0.0223	3	< 0.1%
0.0224	5	< 0.1%
0.0225	5	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.968	1	< 0.1%
0.967	2	< 0.1%
0.966	9	< 0.1%
0.965	11	< 0.1%
0.964	18	< 0.1%

tempo
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

Distinct count	84203
Unique (%)	49.9%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	116.91829485977982
Minimum	0.0
Maximum	244.091
Zeros	146
Zeros (%)	0.1%
Memory size	1.3 MiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	74.08855
Q1	93.50075
median	114.795
Q3	135.7335
95-th percentile	174.47425
Maximum	244.091
Range	244.091
Interquartile range (IQR)	42.23275

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	30.7265272
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.2628034153
Kurtosis	-0.07475221339
Mean	116.9182949
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	21.126
Skewness	0.4457320072
Sum	19711489.17
Variance	944.1194736

Histogram

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=10)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	146	0.1%
120	20	< 0.1%
120.005	18	< 0.1%
120.012	18	< 0.1%
119.994	17	< 0.1%
129.995	16	< 0.1%
94.006	16	< 0.1%
119.969	16	< 0.1%
130.009	15	< 0.1%
119.997	15	< 0.1%
Other values (84193)	168295	99.8%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	146	0.1%
30.946	1	< 0.1%
31.988	1	< 0.1%
32.466	1	< 0.1%
32.8	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
244.091	1	< 0.1%
243.507	1	< 0.1%
243.372	1	< 0.1%
238.895	1	< 0.1%
236.799	1	< 0.1%

valence
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

Distinct count	1747
Unique (%)	1.0%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	0.5284973540565387
Minimum	0.0
Maximum	1.0
Zeros	184
Zeros (%)	0.1%
Memory size	1.3 MiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0.088055
Q1	0.315
median	0.539
Q3	0.749
95-th percentile	0.938
Maximum	1
Range	1
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.434

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.2644568858
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.5003939638
Kurtosis	-1.07128991
Mean	0.5284973541
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.216
Skewness	-0.1088511723
Sum	89100.42592
Variance	0.06993744447

Histogram

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=10)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.961	721	0.4%
0.962	589	0.3%
0.963	527	0.3%
0.964	467	0.3%
0.965	406	0.2%
0.96	389	0.2%
0.966	356	0.2%
0.967	312	0.2%
0.968	268	0.2%
0.559	253	0.2%
Other values (1737)	164304	97.5%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	184	0.1%
1e-05	85	0.1%
6.41e-05	1	< 0.1%
0.00049	1	< 0.1%
0.000537	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	3	< 0.1%
0.999	2	< 0.1%
0.998	1	< 0.1%
0.996	2	< 0.1%
0.995	1	< 0.1%

year
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

Distinct count	100
Unique (%)	0.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	1977.457773797096
Minimum	1921
Maximum	2020
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Memory size	1.3 MiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	1921
5-th percentile	1935
Q1	1957
median	1978
Q3	1999
95-th percentile	2016
Maximum	2020
Range	99
Interquartile range (IQR)	42

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	25.4067568
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.01284819183
Kurtosis	-1.020188288
Mean	1977.457774
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	21
Skewness	-0.1345158309
Sum	333383561
Variance	645.5032913

Histogram

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=10)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1970	2000	1.2%
1975	2000	1.2%
1968	2000	1.2%
1969	2000	1.2%
1971	2000	1.2%
1972	2000	1.2%
1973	2000	1.2%
1974	2000	1.2%
1976	2000	1.2%
1985	2000	1.2%
Other values (90)	148592	88.1%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1921	128	0.1%
1922	72	< 0.1%
1923	169	0.1%
1924	236	0.1%
1925	263	0.2%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2020	1681	1.0%
2019	1889	1.1%
2018	2000	1.2%
2017	1990	1.2%
2016	1910	1.1%

Pearson's r

The Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) is a measure of linear correlation between two variables. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative linear correlation, 0 indicating no linear correlation and 1 indicating total positive linear correlation. Furthermore, r is invariant under separate changes in location and scale of the two variables, implying that for a linear function the angle to the x-axis does not affect r.

To calculate r for two variables X and Y, one divides the covariance of X and Y by the product of their standard deviations.

Spearman's ρ

The Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (ρ) is a measure of monotonic correlation between two variables, and is therefore better in catching nonlinear monotonic correlations than Pearson's r. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative monotonic correlation, 0 indicating no monotonic correlation and 1 indicating total positive monotonic correlation.

To calculate ρ for two variables X and Y, one divides the covariance of the rank variables of X and Y by the product of their standard deviations.

Kendall's τ

Similarly to Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, the Kendall rank correlation coefficient (τ) measures ordinal association between two variables. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative correlation, 0 indicating no correlation and 1 indicating total positive correlation.

To calculate τ for two variables X and Y, one determines the number of concordant and discordant pairs of observations. τ is given by the number of concordant pairs minus the discordant pairs divided by the total number of pairs.

Phik (φk)

Phik (φk) is a new and practical correlation coefficient that works consistently between categorical, ordinal and interval variables, captures non-linear dependency and reverts to the Pearson correlation coefficient in case of a bivariate normal input distribution. There is extensive documentation available here.

Count
Matrix

First rows

	acousticness	artists	danceability	duration_ms	energy	id	instrumentalness	key	liveness	loudness	mode	name	popularity	release_date	speechiness	tempo	valence	year
0	0.732	['Dennis Day']	0.819	180533	0.341	7xPhfUan2yNtyFG0cUWkt8	0.000000	7	0.1600	-12.441	1	Clancy Lowered the Boom	8	1921	0.4150	60.936	0.9630	1921
1	0.982	['Sergei Rachmaninoff', 'James Levine', 'Berliner Philharmoniker']	0.279	831667	0.211	4BJqT0PrAfrxzMOxytFOIz	0.878000	10	0.6650	-20.096	1	Piano Concerto No. 3 in D Minor, Op. 30: III. Finale. Alla breve	5	1921	0.0366	80.954	0.0594	1921
2	0.996	['John McCormack']	0.518	159507	0.203	5uNZnElqOS3W4fRmRYPk4T	0.000000	0	0.1150	-10.589	1	The Wearing of the Green	6	1921	0.0615	66.221	0.4060	1921
3	0.982	['Sergei Rachmaninoff', 'James Levine', 'Berliner Philharmoniker']	0.279	831667	0.211	1SCWBjhk5WmXPxhDduD3HM	0.878000	10	0.6650	-20.096	1	Piano Concerto No. 3 in D Minor, Op. 30: III. Finale. Alla breve	4	1921	0.0366	80.954	0.0594	1921
4	0.957	['Phil Regan']	0.418	166693	0.193	4d6HGyGT8e121BsdKmw9v6	0.000002	3	0.2290	-10.096	1	When Irish Eyes Are Smiling	4	1921	0.0380	101.665	0.2530	1921
5	0.957	['Phil Regan']	0.259	186467	0.212	0Nk5f07H3JaEunGrYfbqHM	0.000222	2	0.2360	-13.300	1	Come Back To Erin	2	1921	0.0358	85.726	0.2180	1921
6	0.992	['Sergei Rachmaninoff', 'Zubin Mehta', 'Vladimir Feltsman', 'Israel Philharmonic Orchestra']	0.241	167867	0.109	2Cfk7LOOiTLVxe9BNoGGCL	0.853000	1	0.0771	-19.286	1	Rhapsody on a Theme of Paganini, Op. 43: Var. XVIII, Andante cantabile	3	1921	0.0377	79.974	0.0379	1921
7	0.967	['Frank Parker']	0.275	210000	0.309	3ftBPsC5vPBKxYSee08FDH	0.000028	5	0.3810	-9.316	1	Danny Boy	3	1921	0.0354	100.109	0.1650	1921
8	0.941	['Dennis Day']	0.241	196307	0.274	4aVy85Y2sxMwIKmAcimHp0	0.000008	0	0.0984	-9.750	0	How Can You Buy Killarny	3	1921	0.0297	90.773	0.2120	1921
9	0.993	['Sergei Rachmaninoff']	0.389	218773	0.088	02GDntOXexBFUvSgaXLPkd	0.527000	1	0.3630	-21.091	0	Morceaux de fantaisie, Op. 3: No. 2, Prélude in C-Sharp Minor. Lento	2	1921	0.0456	92.867	0.0731	1921

Last rows

	acousticness	artists	danceability	duration_ms	energy	explicit	id	instrumentalness	key	liveness	loudness	mode	name	popularity	release_date	speechiness	tempo	valence	year
168582	0.000121	['Silverstein', 'Aaron Gillespie']	0.441	163720	0.8680	0	1aWpVsNjEiqpFvV3KhJiWu	0.000003	11	0.1450	-5.516	0	Infinite	63	2020-01-08	0.0714	162.000	0.3660	2020
168583	0.000499	['Nothing But Thieves']	0.621	237053	0.6660	0	3CauBZqN2EuHTJo4sSpjbS	0.076800	6	0.0797	-7.079	1	Is Everybody Going Crazy?	69	2020-03-18	0.0544	123.974	0.5790	2020
168584	0.057000	['Dalex']	0.602	192535	0.7280	0	3rBfD2swVRrL2yoqnTh2Fx	0.001110	6	0.0797	-2.869	1	Matemáticas	73	2020-03-19	0.2370	167.872	0.5130	2020
168585	0.013600	['The Strokes']	0.377	293360	0.9220	0	6e2pJqucDMxbp061B40r6O	0.204000	0	0.2800	-3.400	1	Bad Decisions	66	2020-02-18	0.0560	153.404	0.3940	2020
168586	0.535000	['Bruno Major']	0.806	235427	0.3620	0	7EncNzyGs8uJiQittB38ef	0.045000	7	0.1110	-10.381	1	The Most Beautiful Thing	66	2020-05-01	0.0345	127.502	0.4200	2020
168587	0.643000	['Kelly Clarkson']	0.481	205787	0.3680	0	5Y5b0wokJqZxaefDVRm43v	0.000000	7	0.1250	-8.310	0	Born to Die	58	2020-03-13	0.0300	140.384	0.5070	2020
168588	0.670000	['JoJo']	0.661	173760	0.5800	1	7wrBKecywD6TUuHQl3wjmj	0.000055	0	0.1170	-7.718	1	Man	63	2020-03-13	0.1240	72.009	0.5660	2020
168589	0.979000	['S.J Morgan']	0.502	160125	0.0355	0	67zZV7JzIx9Wcf65Ztt4CJ	0.867000	0	0.1060	-26.940	1	Rivers	66	2020-02-28	0.0379	160.033	0.2820	2020
168590	0.672000	['Childish Gambino']	0.174	179387	0.0466	0	4Ksj9mKfsYC5b8v8Ey3c8I	0.196000	3	0.4200	-18.458	1	0.00	62	2020-03-22	0.0495	116.713	0.0337	2020
168591	0.068600	['Alina Baraz', '6LACK']	0.615	141941	0.7130	0	1fm1PmtAvxXe98n8xOcKnJ	0.001440	2	0.1540	-3.539	1	Morocco (feat. 6LACK)	62	2020-03-09	0.0355	78.033	0.5140	2020

Overview

Variables

Interactions

Correlations

Pearson's r

Spearman's ρ

Kendall's τ

Phik (φk)

Missing values

Sample

First rows

Last rows